"ruyner" meaning in Middle French

See ruyner in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Old French ruiner, from Medieval Latin ruino. Etymology templates: {{der|frm|fro|ruiner}} Old French ruiner, {{der|frm|ML.|ruino}} Medieval Latin ruino Head templates: {{head|frm|verb}} ruyner Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ruyner [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], ruynant [gerund, participle, present], present participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], ruyné [participle, past], ruyne [first-person, indicative, present, singular], ruynes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], ruyne [indicative, present, singular, third-person], ruynons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], ruynez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], ruynent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], ruynois [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], ruynoys [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], ruynois [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], ruynoys [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], ruynoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], ruynoyt [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], ruynions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], ruynyons [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], ruyniez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], ruynyez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], ruynoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], ruynoyent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], ruyna [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], ruynas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], ruyna [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], ruynasmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], ruynastes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], ruynerent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], ruynerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], ruyneray [first-person, future, indicative, singular], ruyneras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], ruynera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], ruynerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], ruynerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], ruyneront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], ruynerois [conditional, first-person, singular], ruyneroys [conditional, first-person, singular], ruynerois [conditional, second-person, singular], ruyneroys [conditional, second-person, singular], ruyneroit [conditional, singular, third-person], ruyneroyt [conditional, singular, third-person], ruynerions [conditional, first-person, plural], ruyneryons [conditional, first-person, plural], ruyneriez [conditional, plural, second-person], ruyneryez [conditional, plural, second-person], ruyneroient [conditional, plural, third-person], ruyneroyent [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], ruyne [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], ruynes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ruyne [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ruynons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], ruynez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], ruynent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], ruynasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], ruynasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ruynast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ruynassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], ruynassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], ruynassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], ruyne [imperative, second-person, singular], ruynons [first-person, imperative, plural], ruynez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to wreck; to decimate; to ruin; to destroy
    Sense id: en-ruyner-frm-verb-2jo3HkaR Categories (other): Middle French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries
     
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  "etymology_text": "Old French ruiner, from Medieval Latin ruino.",
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      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "ruynant",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    },
    {
      "form": "present participle",
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      "form": "ruyné",
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      ]
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      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "ruynez",
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        "present",
        "second-person"
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      "form": "ruynent",
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      "source": "conjugation",
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      "form": "ruynoit",
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        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "ruynions",
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      "form": "ruyniez",
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        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynyez",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "second-person"
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      "form": "ruynoient",
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        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
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      "form": "ruynas",
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        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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      "form": "ruynasmes",
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        "indicative",
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        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
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        "singular"
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        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
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        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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      "form": "ruynera",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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      "source": "conjugation",
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        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
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        "plural",
        "second-person"
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    },
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      "form": "ruyneront",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "ruynerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "ruynerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
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      "form": "ruyneroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "ruyneroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneryons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
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      "form": "ruyneryez",
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        "conditional",
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        "second-person"
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        "third-person"
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    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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        "third-person"
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    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "multiword-construction",
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    },
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      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
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    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
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    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
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    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
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        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "ruyner",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wreck; to decimate; to ruin; to destroy"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruyner-frm-verb-2jo3HkaR",
      "links": [
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "decimate",
          "decimate"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruyner"
}

{
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  "etymology_text": "Old French ruiner, from Medieval Latin ruino.",
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      "form": "ruynant",
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        "multiword-construction",
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        "present"
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    },
    {
      "form": "ruyné",
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        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
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        "singular"
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        "second-person",
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    {
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      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynyons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynyez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynoyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyna",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynasmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneray",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynerions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneryons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneryez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyneroyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruyne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruynez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "ruyner",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle French first group verbs",
        "Middle French lemmas",
        "Middle French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
        "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle French verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wreck; to decimate; to ruin; to destroy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wreck",
          "wreck"
        ],
        [
          "decimate",
          "decimate"
        ],
        [
          "ruin",
          "ruin"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruyner"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ruyner meaning in Middle French (9.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.